The Burial of General Maude

The Burial of General Maude:
"With Armenia now under Soviet 'protection' the Turks ceased their advance and even withdrew from some captured territory, including Alexandropol. The Bolsheviks wanted good relations with Turkey, and in 1921 they signed the 'Treaty of Kars' ceding the towns of Kars, Sarikamish, Igdir, Kagizman, Ardahan, Artvin and Oltu to Turkey. The railway carriage in which this treaty was signed is still preserved in the Kars museum. ----------------- After the proclamation of the republic, there was a serious split in the Turkish nationalists’ ranks over the future shape and direction of new Turkey. Rauf Orbay’s comments in press in Istanbul about the republic and his visit to the Caliph were seen as open challenges to the new regime.[3] Two other veterans of the War of Independence, Generals Kazim [Karabekir] and Ali Fuat [Cebesoy], also sided with Rauf Orbay. President Mustafa Kemal enjoyed the support of Chief of Staff Marshal Fevzi [Cakmak], Defense Minister General Kazim [Ozalp] and Prime Minister Ismet [Inonu]. In 1924 the President and his supporters successfully implemented a series of legislative measures to strengthen armed forces' loyalty to the republic. First, serving military officers were barred from engaging in politics. Until 1924, officers could be elected as deputies and involved in the Turkish Grand National Assembly’s (TGNA) activities in uniform. They were now asked to make a choice between their uniforms and seats in the TGNA. Second, in March 1924, the Ministry of War, headed by the Chief of Staff was abolished and replaced by a civilian-headed Ministry of National Defense. Chief of Staff was placed on a purely military-footing. These measures did not remove military from politics but were indeed aimed to secure its loyalty to Mustafa"